Structures from first principles!
The design of piled foundation unlike other foundation types largely falls within the remit of a geotechnical engineer with little assistance from the structural engineer. The first step requires the geotechnical team to conduct a detailed site investigation
For projects that requires deep foundations, the piles would be one of the first considerations at the concept design stage. The structural designer is expected to consider during the course of the project development, the type of piling that would be required, the proposed sizes
A significant opening within masonry walls will always require a lintel of some sort to bridge over it. In contrast to popular opinion, lintels are structural elements though classified as secondary structural elements whose primary function is to support the masonry that arches over the opening
Column base plates are provided beneath steel columns in order to transmit the applied design forces safely to the foundations. Steel columns are heavily loaded and their cross-sections are typically small…….
Concealed concrete beams are beams whose depth are kept equal to the thickness of the supported slab. They are normally reinforced separately from the slab, having longitudinal bars and stirrups like a drop beam.
Steel columns in simple construction are the most popular type of columns encountered in multi-storey steel buildings in practice
Torsion in structures is something that is best avoided as far as possible. This is because the twisting of structural elements generates large internal forces which result in a significant increase in element sizes and possibly even change in form
Steel elements are often required to sustain tensile forces, these elements are referred to as tension members or tie. Example of tension members includes steel bracings in buildings, roof truss members, cables et
Laterally unrestrained steel beams are beams in which the compression flange do not have sufficient restraint and as a result susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling, a failure mechanism of steel beams due to buckling
Understanding the design of steel beams depend to a large extent on whether the compression flange is laterally restrained or not. This is because when a steel beam is subjected to flexure, there is a tendency for it to buckle along its length.